人類豬型流感
背景
墨西哥及多個國家已確診多宗人類感染甲型豬型流感 / H1N1（豬流感）的個案。
豬流感通常只會在豬隻群中互相傳播，但亦會偶爾感染人類。而最近在國際間的豬流感爆發已出現了人與人之間的傳播。
病徵
豬流感的病徵一般與人類季節性流感相似，包括發燒、疲倦、食慾不振和咳嗽。部分患者可能會流鼻水、喉嚨痛、作嘔、嘔吐及腹瀉。
傳播途徑
豬流感在人與人之間的傳播途徑相信與季節性流感相同，主要是通過咳嗽或打噴嚏。人類亦會在接觸帶有流感病毒的物件後，再觸摸口鼻而受感染。
目前沒有資料顯示豬流感可經進食正確處理及煮熟的豬肉或豬肉食品而感染人類。烹調豬肉至內部度達攝氏70度（華氏160度）能殺死豬流感病毒。
治理方法
如有流感樣病徵，患者應戴上口罩並及早求醫。若曾到受影響的地方或與病者接觸，應將外遊及曾接觸人士的紀錄告知醫生。雖然抗病毒劑能減輕病情，但必須經由醫生處方，患者切勿自行服藥。
預防方法
由於H1N1豬型流感病毒與人類H1N1病毒非常不同，所以季節性流感的疫苗不會為人類對H1N1豬型流感病毒提供保護。
市民應採取以下預防措施：
‧ 用正確方法洗手，保持雙手清潔。如雙手沒有明顯污垢，可用酒精搓手液消毒。
‧ 避免觸摸口鼻或眼睛。
‧ 如雙手被呼吸道分泌物弄污，例如打噴嚏或咳嗽後，應立即用液洗手。
‧ 打噴嚏或咳嗽，應遮掩口鼻。
‧ 不要隨地吐痰，應將口鼻分泌物用紙巾包好，棄置於有蓋垃圾箱內。
‧ 有呼吸道感染徵狀或發燒，應戴上口罩，並及早求醫。
‧ 若出現流感樣病徵，切勿上班或上學。
除非必要，應避免到受豬流感影響的地方。若必須前往：
‧ 在旅途中：佩戴口罩及避免接觸病人。
‧ 返港後：留意身體狀況和連續七天佩戴口罩。若出現發燒或類似流感的徵狀，應及早前往公立診所或醫院求醫。
29 April 2009
Human Swine Influenza
Background
A number of confirmed human cases of swine influenza A/H1N1 (swine flu) infection have been reported in Mexico and several other countries.
Originally known to circulate among pig populations, the swine flu viruses do occasionally infect human beings. In this present international swine flu outbreak, human-to-human transmission has occurred.
Symptoms
The symptoms of human swine influenza are usually similar to those of human seasonal influenza and include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite and coughing. Some people infected with swine flu may also have a runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Mode of transmission
Human-to-human transmission of swine flu is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu is spread among people, mainly through coughing or sneezing. People may also become infected by touching objects soiled with flu viruses and then touching their nose or mouth.
Swine flu has not been shown to be transmissible to people through eating properly handled and cooked pork or pork products. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 70°C (160°F ) kills the swine flu virus.
Management
People who develop flu symptoms should put on a mask and consult a doctor as soon as possible. Those who have been to affected places or been exposed to sick persons should tell the doctor the travel and contact history. Antiviral agents can reduce the severity and duration of illness but must be used under doctor's prescription. It is important for people not to self-medicate.
Prevention
Since H1N1 swine flu viruses are very different from human H1N1 viruses, vaccines for human seasonal flu will not provide protection against H1N1 swine flu viruses.
Members of the public should observe the following precautionary measures:
• Keep hands clean and wash hands properly. Alcohol-based handrub is also effective when hands are not visibly soiled.
• Avoid touching mouth, nose or eyes.
• Wash hands with liquid soap promptly if they are dirtied by respiratory secretions, e.g. after sneezing or coughing.
• Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
• Do not spit. Always wrap nasal and mouth discharges with tissue paper, and dispose of the tissue paper properly in a rubbish bin with a lid.
• Wear a mask when respiratory symptoms or fever develop. See a doctor right away.
• Do not go to work or school if you develop influenza-like symptoms.
Avoid travelling to affected places unless it is absolutely necessary. If such a visit is unavoidable:
• During the trip: put on a mask and do not have contact with sick people.
• After returning: pay close attention to your health and wear masks for 7 days. Seek medical consultation from public clinics or hospitals right away if fever or influenza-like symptoms appear.